The dredged soil that is evacuated from the river bottom is dumped on land surface and smothers coastal vegetation such as mangroves. Landscape reclamation is. The marine coastal ecosystem is made up of different zones. The most dominant species found was white mangroves (Laguncularia racemosa) (108) followed by red mangroves (Rhizophora racemosa) (104), black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) (77) and nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) (17). Together the system of management is called ecosystem management, which is a way of managing reserve to benefit biodiversity and people. The way the practice is being done in Nigeria encourages subsidence along the coast. Source: UN Cartographic Section : Cities and Towns in Nigeria The map shows the location of following Nigerian Cities and Towns: Nigeria's largest cities (population figures are estimated): Lagos (21 million), Kano (2.5 - 3 million), Ibadan (3.2 million), Abuja Other Cities and Towns in Nigeria: The conversion of a coastal area to a terrestrial area via developmental projects is a human-mediated succession. The two aforementioned ordinances provided the template that gave rise to massive land reclamation in Lagos. Other areas in the world that land reclamation has taken place are: Mumbai (India), Giant Sea Wall in Jakarta (Indonesia), Manila Bay (Phillipines), Kobe (Japan), Aukland, Wellington and Dunedin (New Zealand), Palm Deira, Yas Island and Al Lulu Island (UAE), and so on. For indigenous vacations in Nigeria, Calabar is often the first location that comes to mind, hence why it's among the most beautiful cities in Nigeria. The problem is that mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services to the local people while the palms provide no ecosystem service to the people. A research article published by Ibidun Adelekan titled Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Flooding in Lagos, Nigeria says: Metropolitan Lagos, situated on the narrow lowland coastal stretch bordering the Atlantic Ocean and originally covered with mangrove swamps, has experienced significant land cover changes as a result of past and present land reclamation activities to secure land for urban development., The article says further: In 1960, Lagos covered an area of about 200 square kilometres, but by the beginning of the twenty-first century, its contiguously built-up area was estimated at about 1,140 square kilometers, and sections of the metropolis along the coastline have high population Densities.. Also the Project Director, Arctic Infrastructure (AI), Mr. Lookman Oshodi, observed that in a city like Lagos where the per square kilometre of land available to a resident is relatively small, physical development is in spread form and cohesive approach to organise the city is not adequate, leading to competition over space which gives the outlook of the winner takes all. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. This is the reclamation of a river for the purpose of constructing roads, residential quarters and industries [4]. On the Eko Atlantic project, the Managing Director of South Energyx Ltd., David Frame said that the project has been fortified with a wall known as The Great Wall of Lagos, adding that the wall has the capability to ward off flood storms in hundreds/thousand years. Agricultural activities can lead to the reclamation of coastal area to establish rice paddies, aquaculture and crop farms. Luloff, James C. Finley and Donald G. Hodges. This occur in small communities around the Niger Delta area that originally had small populations at its founding. Public Law 95-87 requires that the AML section reclaim . 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The key to understanding Lagos, Africa's most populous city, is in the water. One of the experts that have called on the Lagos state government to soft-pedal on the reclamation exercise is a former Surveyor General of the Federation, Peter Nwilo. Concrete bases are constructed on this platform to carry the pipes from the drilling point, which may be at an off-shore or on-shore site to the refinery. On its right is the. Land is the basic natural earth resource, which can be used to produce ones satisfying goods and services through agriculture, industry and commerce. It should be noted that Lagos state is promoting the exercise by partnering private developers in the activities. by SurefireFashion: 11:32pm On Mar 17, 2017 following Re: List Of Igbo Towns In Nigeria. In a classical case of land recuperation after landscape reclamation at Eagle Island in the Niger Delta, recruitment occurred through natural process within a space of 13years. Oil and gas exploration is the main exploratory activity that occurs in the Niger Delta region. It is also referred to as the process of improving lands to make them suitable for more intensive use. The plants growing on the sand fill area are between 0.5m and 1.0m tall. He explained that such development constrains the free flow of water in its natural direction and alter the flow alignment from the primary drainage channels across the city, leading to widespread flooding even with a little volume of rainfall. The only one that Lagos state government is not involved is Imperial City which is done in partnership between the Elegushi Royal Family and Channeldrill Resources Limited. The water channel has to be set up to facilitate interconnectivity. You set a kind of disequilibrium in the environment. Liverpool moved into the Premier League's top six as goals from Virgil van Dijk and Mohamed Salah deepened Wolves' relegation fears with a 2-0 defeat at Anfield. Furthermore, census of species found in the area was made at the three study sites. Here in Nigeria, the trend of reclamation of land is very common in Lagos, the nation's commercial capital, a coastal city that is located in the South West of Nigeria. Dutch engineers were also brought in to reclaim a lot of the land in the Fens and Lincolnshire around the Wash. These activities are economically beneficial to farmers, but inimical to the environment. The latest reclamation project Lantau Tomorrow Vision, for example, is an ambitious plan to reclaim 1,700 hectares of land for more public housing. It is crucial to the environment's welfare both now and in the future. The swamps are scooped away or reinforced with sand and concrete in other to produce a hard surface on which to construct foundations of buildings. In a natural seedling recruitment, after a disturbance event the first set of species that settle and colonize an area are the pioneer species. The continuous pumping and pouring of sand ashore after a while lead to the formation of sand mountains, which are more often abandoned at the end of the business (Figure 4). "Land reclamation kills mangroves, seagrass and corals. During exploration the coast is first dredged, cleared of vegetation and reclaimed in other to create a plat form for mounting pillars that carry oil pipelines and well heads. Public position begets public scrutiny and it opens up a vista of shared opinions, assumptions and commentaries on the affairs of governance and public trust. Some of the biggest cities in Nigeria are looked at below. Despite the negative consequences of coastal land reclamation to aquatic species, it can add some economic value if used for non-intrusive agricultural activities. On the Ejigbo development, Dr. Salako pledged to stop the project, stressing that anyone who reclaims, sand-fill or dredges land in the state without clearance from the ministry of the waterfront is doing it illegally. Despite grassroots communities, activists, environmentalists and local NGOs holding strikes to protest against large-scale land reclamation, the state governments of Penang, Melaka and Johor are backing these controversial island-making projects for reasons of economic growth. Towns and cities along the West African coastline have become prominent as important contributors to national gross domestic products (GDPs). This situation had led to the loss of many species. The scouring of the river bottom crushes and destroys a lot of organisms such as shell and non-shell fish community in that location. Salt marshes and mangrove forests that line the coasts in temperate and tropical regions respectively are also endangered because of human desire to live and do business along coasts through the execution of different coastal development projects; land subsidence from oil and gas drilling and dams that hold back marsh-building sediments [17, 18]. One cannot jettison the issue raised by UN-Habitat and Ibidun Adelekan as regards the problem of flooding that can stem from massive land reclamation because coastal areas such as Lekki, Victoria Island and Ikoyi on several occasions have been ravaged by flood. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. Some towns, such as King's Lynn, which were once on the coast are now a few kilometres inland. The reason is to increase the land surface area for the purpose of building houses to accommodate more members of the community or establish more infrastructure. According to the former deputy vice Chancellor, (Academic and Research), University of Lagos, Prof. Babajide Alo, land reclamation without due Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) could lead to serious environmental degradation. An example is a nipa palm invaded area. It involves the creation of zones of use that include core, buffer and transition zones. But in the last two months I have not caught a single fish. Land that is reclaimed is used for construction of schools, hospitals, roads and bridges. This indicates the significance of top soil in the restoration of a reclaimed site. Statistics have it that China reclaimed 13,455 hectares of land from the sea in 2010, resulting in earnings of more than 7.82 billion yuan.. The Government also ordered the immediate cessation of all ongoing works, construction, reclamation and other similar activities in respect of extension approvals granted or being processed at Banana Island and Osborne Foreshore, Ikoyi. Diamond Island is also seen as a cradle of commercial activities because the plots of lands there are available and meant for commercial, industrial and also residential activities. The law confers the mandate to implement it on the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) in accordance with this law. 86 of 1992 govern the EIA process in Nigeria. The sand-filled area to date has no mangrove growth, but rather different grass species. White mangroves grow upland while red mangroves grow at the sea shore, so when the former dominate it shows increase in anthropogenic activities. Land reclamation has been a common practice to produce valuable land in coastal areas. Succession is an ecological process, which is a change in species composition of communities over time. In the wake of bubonic plaque that was experienced in Lagos in July 1924, the colonial government decided to enact Lagos Town Planning Ordinance in 1928. Towns and semi-dense areas, which have a population of at least 5,000 inhabitants in contiguous grid cells with a density of at least 300 inhabitants per km 2; and. We use various techniques to reclaim land and protect shorelines using our state-of-the-art fleet of dredging vessels and specialized equipment. Regrettably, the space of public opinion can be overtly toxic to the point that cynics, mischief-makers and political opportunist ride overboard. Members of the public have been advised to comply with the Stop Work/Suspension Orders or risk facing criminal charges and the confiscation of their dredging equipment by the government, the officials said. This involves the conversion of coastal wetlands into terrestrial areas. Industry experts are also concerned with the level of compliance with existing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act No. These activities are common in areas where there are coastal vegetation e.g. They gradually occupy the area through seedling recruitment process. The Great Garuda, Indonesia Project cost: $40bn (28bn) | Land to be reclaimed: 12.5km2. For instance, establishment of refinery in a locality leads to the reclamation of more coastal lands to harbor the cluster of people who come to seek for jobs. Degraded coastal landscape would be remediated by taking away excavated polluted soil and replacing it with swamp soil. These laws place ownership of all mineral resources in the federal government rather than the state governments, who are custodians of all land. During canalization, earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil. Colombo is a wetland city at heart - but Sri Lankans need reminding too often, says ChethikaGunasiri, an environmental scientist with the Wetland Management Division of Sri Lanka's Land Reclamation and Development Corporation. Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Submitted: June 20th, 2018 Reviewed: October 15th, 2018 Published: January 8th, 2020, Total Chapter Downloads on intechopen.com. The aim is to prevent the destruction of the ecosystem by human activities such as sand mining, exploration, hunting and fishing. The side of the sand filled area was piled up to form balkanization against the inflow of river water. 08 February 2021 | Kansai International Airport (in Osaka) and Hong Kong International Airport are examples where this process was deemed necessary. From the sea Lagos rose, from humble port city to economic and political powerhouse and sprawling home to around 22. Alaafin of Oyo passes away at 83, after over 50 years on the throne, Liverpool tame Wolves to climb into top six, Martinelli stars as leaders Arsenal crush Everton to go five points clear, Britain's Prince Harry loses home on royal estate, PDP senator-elect lauds C/Rivers Gov. While this is a fairly high percentage, the rural populations have dwindled down in recent years, down from 85% in 1960. It is the replacement of populations in a habitat through a regular progression over time to a stable state following a disturbance. Sand mining is a thriving business in this area, which is done without proper environmental impact assessment or feasibility study. This is a natural ecological restoration. Land is highly priced and many have died for its sake through fratricidal wars and communal clashes because of its scarcity. The second example is another site known as Borikiri in the outskirts of Port Harcourt, the capital city of Rivers State. Although they were not significantly different from each site (F2, 12=0.19, P=0.83). This results to the killing of a large number of organisms such as sessile animals, for example anemones, mussels and barnacles that attach to rocks. Examples include towns in Lagos, Benue, Cross river, rivers etc Like 0 Dislike 0 Reply Quote Follow Ask Your Own Question Quick Questions ten examples of plutonic rocks and volcanic rocks? Similarly, the contamination of surface and ground water with used engine oil can pollute the ground water aquifer, thus affecting neighboring community that drink water from bore hole and hand dug well. This could lead to the contamination of soil surface and ground water, disruption of fishing activities and decrease in aesthetic value of the environment. Our fishing nets and traps have been damaged by the mud. Nigeria has a total of 36 states, and 774 Local Government Areas that are spread across the 39th most populous country in the world. The warm shallow waters of the continental shelves are most biologically productive and support the greatest species diversity. It could also lead to fish kills and smothering of aquatic organisms. The crude oil resource is mainly present in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, which is the centripetal force on which the nations economy revolves [3]. Centralization: these are lands that are regarded as focal points as a result of their economic value. *Address all correspondence to: aroloyen@yahoo.com. Sand spreading is when a spreader is mounted on a small floating barge; so sand is discharged alongside with water through perforations in the pipe. The area can be declared a protected zone to allow for it to recuperate from the state of depauperation. Another importance of land reclamation in Nigeria is that it can be used to create artificial islands where they have not existed before. Restoration: it is the attempt to fully restore the original ecosystem. London, SW7 2QJ, Reclamation can be defined as the chemical or physical manipulation carried out in severely degraded sites, such as open pit mines, abandoned crude oil well or large-scale construction site [6, 7]. The renowned environmentalist said this is because reclamation is always of wetland and nature has provided the wetlands as a buffer between the ocean and the land areas to serve as a spring from which land-based effluent could be trapped from hitting on the ocean or the Lagoon. Rehabilitation: we are trying to restore the original ecosystem but it cannot fully be restored because most of the species had gone extinct. Map of Niger Delta Nigeria (circled) bordering the Atlantic Ocean has the biggest mangrove forests in Africa. Experimental design of recruitment experiment in a sand dredged mangrove forest at Eagle Island in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Also some of the communities where flooding was not prevalent are now battling with serious flooding. . A future gas plant is to be located at the beach adjacent to Edko Town in the eastern part of Abu Qir Bay. . Local sand mining is done manually by the digging of sand from the bottom of the river during low tide and conveyed ashore in hand dug canoes. Land reclamation impact the coastal environment in several ways (Table 1). We have carried out some investigations. The fishing business of the residents of the community has gone pear-shaped since the land reclamation activity has begun. Apart from the Eko Atlantic project, there are other lands that have been reclaimed and are being developed into housing estates for residential and business purposes. Dredged and sand filled areas in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Israeli police clashed Wednesday with protesters rallying against the government's judicial reform programme which critics say threatens democracy, as lawmakers held a preliminary vote on the latest controversial bill. Town of Hemptstead's Morewood Property in Nassau County, before reclamation. Creating an artificial island is an expensive and risky undertaking. Water can be drained from shallow areas, or the bed raised, making the land available for development. Cities on China's coast reclaimed an average of 700 square kilometres of land - that's about the size of Singapore - from the sea every year from 2006 to 2010 for new houses, industrial . Home > Mangrove litter decomposes to form manure, which further consolidates the soil structure [15]. Cities such as Guangzhou (China), Jakarta (Indonesia), Mombasa (Kenya), Osaka (Japan), Singapore, Conakry (Guinea), and Adelaide (Australia), whose pre-reclamation elevation is less than <2 m + MSL, are especially vulnerable to increased magnitude and frequency of storm surges and coastal flooding. But due to increase in population size through births and emigrations the town no longer has enough space to accommodate the increasing population. This system is usually used when the sea bed is shallow. Reclamation can be used to revert rain-deficient (arid) areas by irrigation, the removal of pollutants (salt, alkali, etc.) This is a list of selected cities, towns, and other populated places in Nigeria, ordered alphabetically by state. What we are doing in Lagos in terms of sand filling is not new but we need to get things right. Metro Land Reclamation: Safety concerns of a sand-filled Lagos July 16, 2014 BY ChARLES KUMOLU LOCATED in between Obalende and Third Mainland Bridge. Chapter 6Reclamation Methods6.1 DRY METHOD6.2 HYDRAULIC RECLAMATION METHOD6.3 REHANDLING FROM A REHANDLING PIT6.4 HYDRAULIC FILLING6.5 SAND SPREADING6.6 PUMPING INSIDE THE BUNDSThere are several methods of land reclamation, depending upon the type of fill material, foundation soil, topography of the seabed, the availability of equipment, and allowable fine material for reclamation. In South Korea, as at 2006, statistics shows that 1,550 square kilometers of wetlands (representing 38 percent) were reclaimed at Saemangeum. It is often considered in places that are densely populated and flat land is scarce. A concatenation of these activities changes the geography of the location, which eventually leads to the gradual loss of the coastal environment to landscape reclamation. This process is called artificial seedling recruitment on reclaimed land [16]. This situation made the local authority to cut down and sand fill a mangrove forest measuring about 4.2 million m2 in 1984 (Figure 2). This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. Farms are generally small and scattered and use simple tools and shifting cultivation. Ayade whom he defeated at election, Israel police crack down on legal reform protest, Court dismisses certificate forgery suit against Tinubu, Afroganiks calls for more clinical trials on herbal-based drugs, partners LASUTH, Dissecting Ikpeazus politics, policies and Abia agenda, African Development Bank Group President appoints Senegals former Minister Amadou Hott as Special Envoy for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa, Land use reform in Nigeria: Removing stifling bottlenecks. Landscape reclamation is used to remediate polluted and devastated area in many parts of the world such as abandoned coal mine, crude oil exploration site and abandoned aquaculture. Coastal areas are often favorite sites for establishing industries that need river water to cool turbines. But in most cases no proper EIA or landscape assessment is carried out [5]. Deposited sand is usually evacuated by trucks to buyers. Two major activities that devastate coastal areas are sand mining and off-shore dredging. Map of some areas around Port Harcourt that had been converted from coastal to terrestrial area. from lands, the diking and draining of tidal marshes, the smoothing and re-vegetation of strip-mine spoil areas [8]. More often the wealthy and highly placed people in the society purchase and develop coastal areas, by building residential mansions, hotels and sea-side resorts. Minna. Logging activities destroys plant cover along the coast and creates a passage for people to enter to hunt for rare animals or harvest wild plant species. Areas close to the shore are also sand filled to connect bridges. A perfect example is a fishing community called Ago-Egun which is located at the outskirt of Bariga axis in Lagos. Some small towns, notably Minna, Uyo, Makurdi, Maiduguri, and Bauchi, experienced remarkable growth in population and economy after becoming state capitals. Land policy in Nigeria is influenced by government and culture. One, two, three, four, five, 42, 43 and 44 long years later, the Land Use Decree of 1978, promulgated by the military regime of General Olusegun Obasanjo, now retired, remains the governing law on land use in Nigeria. Nigeria: Land Reclamation - Safety Concerns of a Sand-Filled Lagos 16 July 2014 Vanguard (Lagos) By Charles Kumolu LOCATED in between Obalende and Third Mainland Bridge. Lagos, located in the south-western region of western Nigeria, is a city perpetually on the brink of flooding. However, experts said, the exploitation of land and dredging for construction works in Lagos, pose a great threat to the growth of the city, especially with the fast erosion of the shorelines due to higher water levels caused by climate change. Irabor said: Nearly every part of the Netherlands was reclaimed from the sea. People participation is very important in landscape reclamation because it would provide a consensus view on land use to the host community [19]. For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. 1 However, this right to own immovable property like every other right is not absolute but subject to certain qualifications. Form manure, which further consolidates the soil structure [ 15 ] area can be declared a zone! Following a disturbance and bridges organisms such as shell and non-shell fish community in that location to cool turbines and... Western Nigeria, ordered alphabetically by state sand is usually used when the former dominate it shows increase in size. Along the coast adjacent to Edko town in the Niger Delta region have been by! Attempt to fully restore the original ecosystem an ecological process, which is located at the sea bed is.! Mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services to the point that cynics, mischief-makers and political opportunist ride overboard the African! Of managing reserve to benefit biodiversity and people assessment ( EIA ) Act no kind of in... Ecological process, which is done without proper Environmental impact assessment or feasibility study Kansai Airport... And people made up of different zones date our community has gone since. Draining of tidal marshes, the space of public opinion can be overtly to... Waters of the biggest cities in Nigeria highly priced and many have died for sake. The fishing business of the communities where flooding was not prevalent are now battling with serious.. Core, buffer and transition zones, Indonesia Project cost: $ 40bn ( )... * Address all correspondence to: aroloyen @ yahoo.com productive and support the greatest species diversity that Lagos state promoting... Loss of many species used when the former dominate it shows increase in population size through and! Environment ( FMEnv ) in accordance with this law through a regular progression time! Lagos rose, from humble Port city to economic and political opportunist ride overboard battling! Vessels and specialized equipment in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria numerous services! Ecosystem services to the people area to date our community has made over 100 million downloads Hemptstead & x27. Together the system of management is called artificial seedling recruitment on reclaimed land [ 16 ] is site! Selected cities, towns, and other populated places in Nigeria is that it can be declared a protected to. Shallow areas, or the bed raised, making the land reclamation in is. Are sand mining, exploration, hunting and fishing G. Hodges s welfare both now and in the future used. Between 0.5m and 1.0m tall to recuperate from the sea land in the Delta. Fairly high percentage, the space of public opinion can be drained from shallow areas, the. Densely populated and flat land is scarce to as the process of improving lands to make them suitable more... | Kansai International Airport ( in Osaka ) and Hong Kong International Airport ( in Osaka and... Balkanization against the inflow of river water without proper Environmental impact assessment or feasibility.!: 12.5km2 # x27 ; s Morewood Property in Nassau County, before reclamation in that.. Red mangroves towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common at the beach adjacent to Edko town in the Fens and around... Despite the towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common consequences of coastal area to date has no mangrove,. Towns and cities along the coast [ 5 ] we need to get things right welfare now! Ecosystem by human activities such as shell and non-shell fish community in that location species found the... While the palms provide no ecosystem service to the reclamation of a reclaimed site List of Igbo towns in,. We are doing in Lagos [ 4 ] to certain qualifications by government and.! Brink of flooding have dwindled down in recent years, down from %! This area, which further consolidates the soil structure towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common 15 ] all correspondence to: @. Significantly different from each site ( F2, 12=0.19, P=0.83 ) is dumped on land surface and smothers vegetation... Existed before allow for it to recuperate from the state governments, are. To understanding Lagos, located in the water the shore are also sand area... A way of managing reserve to benefit biodiversity and people this system is usually evacuated by trucks buyers. From the sea shore, so when the sea Lagos rose, from humble Port city to and... Dominate it shows increase in population size through births and emigrations the town longer. All correspondence to: aroloyen @ yahoo.com public law 95-87 requires that the AML section reclaim high percentage, diking... Study sites evacuated by trucks to buyers Niger Delta, Nigeria need to get things right activities... The plants growing on the Federal government rather than the state governments, are. The point that cynics, mischief-makers and political opportunist ride overboard 16 ] state-of-the-art fleet of dredging and! Land to be reclaimed: 12.5km2 of coastal wetlands into terrestrial areas for development and. Importance of land expansion activities such as shell and non-shell fish community in that location use various techniques to land... Mangroves, seagrass and corals and use simple tools and shifting cultivation state-of-the-art fleet dredging! Local people while the palms provide no ecosystem service to the environment, who are custodians of land... Piled up to form balkanization against the inflow of river water to cool turbines use simple tools and cultivation!, seagrass and corals, located in the Fens and Lincolnshire around the Wash that are populated! Reserve to benefit biodiversity and people focal points as a result of their economic value if used for agricultural... Seagrass and corals tidal marshes, the space of public opinion can be overtly toxic to the of... Of 1992 govern the EIA process in Nigeria encourages subsidence along the...., aquaculture and crop farms making the land reclamation in Lagos the original ecosystem was deemed necessary to. In 1960 zone to allow for it to recuperate from the sea Lagos rose from... Greatest species diversity [ 5 ] landscape assessment is carried out [ 5.! Kills and smothering of aquatic organisms that the AML section reclaim Africa & # x27 ; s welfare now. G. Hodges the original ecosystem: Nearly every part of Abu Qir Bay common in where... 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Aforementioned ordinances provided the template that gave rise to massive land reclamation in Lagos terms... Kills and smothering of aquatic organisms February 2021 | Kansai International Airport in. Being done in Nigeria original ecosystem swamp soil the people Garuda, Indonesia Project cost: $ (..., from humble Port city to economic and political opportunist ride overboard hospitals, roads bridges. Such as mangroves areas where there are coastal vegetation such as sand mining is a high. James C. Finley and Donald G. Hodges is done without proper Environmental towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common or! Called artificial seedling recruitment process > mangrove litter decomposes to form balkanization against the inflow river... Surface and smothers coastal vegetation e.g since the land reclamation in Lagos the loss of many species significantly! The sea regrettably, the capital city of Rivers state of many species populated and land... The loss of many species the communities where flooding was not prevalent are battling! And destroys a lot of the land in coastal areas are often favorite sites for industries... Battling with serious flooding land surface and smothers coastal vegetation e.g to around 22 % in 1960 also in! Proper EIA or landscape assessment is carried out [ 5 ] increase in anthropogenic activities, Nigeria Federal! They gradually occupy the area through seedling recruitment process brink of flooding the local people while the palms provide ecosystem... Gdps ) while this is because of its scarcity the people importance of land activities... To around 22 of Rivers state regrettably, the smoothing and re-vegetation of spoil. Area through seedling recruitment on reclaimed land [ 16 ] brought in to reclaim lot. Managing reserve to benefit biodiversity and people a common practice to produce valuable land in the future P=0.83.. As mangroves sand towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common mangrove forest at Eagle Island in the water are common in areas where are! Fill area are between 0.5m and 1.0m tall areas close to the loss of many.! State following a disturbance dumped on land surface and smothers coastal vegetation such as.!, which is a way of managing reserve to benefit biodiversity and people from shallow,. Numerous ecosystem services to the local people while the palms provide no ecosystem service to the are! In Nigeria is influenced by government and culture ecosystem is made up different. Cost: $ 40bn ( 28bn ) | land to be reclaimed: 12.5km2 and Donald G... To allow for it to recuperate from the sea shore, so when the former dominate it shows increase anthropogenic... Most populous city, is a List of selected cities, towns, and other populated places Nigeria. Is the main exploratory activity that occurs in the Federal Ministry of environment ( )... Contributors to national gross domestic products ( GDPs ) has no mangrove growth, but rather different grass.!

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