people who designed and built them. I was chosen along with 2 other girls to visit Goosepool Aerodrome (now Durham/Tees Valley International Airport), where the Canadian. He was in a parachute regiment when Italy capitulated. The arms factory was closed in 1987. Royal Powder Mill Factory No 31. ETHIOPA is known to have produced .303 ball cartridges c 1959, FINLAND is known to have produced .303 inch cartridges in various loadings including Armour Piercing, Ball, Incendiary, Tracer and Drill rounds, FRANCE manufactured several variants of the .303 cartridge, including: Ball, Tracer, Armour piercing, Armour piercing / Tracer and Incendiary rounds, IRAQ is known to have produced .303 Ball cartridges, ISRAEL is known to have manufactured .303 ball cartridges at the Government Arsenal, Tel Aviv, Israel. Royal Ordnance Factory. 1930 New Tivoli cinema opened at a cost of 15,000. 1787 Purchase of the powdermill at Waltham Abbey which was named the Royal Gunpowder Factory. Commonly known locally as the "Fuse" or "Fuze", because the majority of components in production related to the fuse mechanisms used on most explosive devices at the time, bombs. MQ Small Arms Ammunition Factory No 5, Rocklea, AUSTRALIA. Cordite consisted of 58% Nitro-glycerine, 37% Nitro-cellulose and 5% Mineral Jelly and was normally pressed into cord form but tubular, tape, flaked and sliced cordite were also used. More workers came from Wales and Lancashire with the opening of the mine at Page Bank (ten lives were lost in a pit fire here in 1858), and with the sinking of a new pit at Tudhoe in the 1880s. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded .303 cartridges in: Ball, Mk 7. We were then introduced to a number of Canadian boys. Known to have produced .303 ball cartridges during 1988. Royal Small Arms Factory Enfield Factory No 2. More than 17,000 women worked at the factory, and Ms Scott said . This company was formed in 1890 at Kings Norton, it owned its own rolling mills and had a loading plant at Abbey wood in Kent. 1951 Population 19,740. It began production of .303 ammunition in 1941 initially with the headstamp code of two arrows replacing these in 1942 with the code SR. Later, effective tracer and incendiary composition operations were also carried out at Witton. Low Spennymoor houses cleared. 1942 1942 1943 1944 Tikkakoski Arsenal - Finland Tikkakoski was the first private arms manufacturer in Finland. Servicesheld in Town Hall. By this time we were given mugs of tea and corned beef sarnies. 1949 Bungalows built at Middlestone Moor. The Spennymoor ammunition was then filled at ROF Aycliffe. Jackson, in his Place Names of Durham, 1916, suggests a Scandinavian Spaan meaning shingle-hut and Anglo-Saxon combination involving mar Spennymoor being the moor called after the shingle-hut erected thereon. My sister lived in Billingham which was badly bombed, the sky was full of barrage balloons to protect the ICI factory. Do Hirtenberg Patronenfabrik factory at Dordrecht, NETHERLANDS. This company manufactured ammunition from an early stage, finally ceasing production in the late 1950s. Gateshead refugees arrived in Spennymoor. The most common system with the .303 cartridge used coloured bullet tips or colour around the annulus of the primer cap. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded 7.7 x 56R ball ammunition which is interchangeable with the .303 cartridges. 8 ROF Beech Hill, Wigan ROF Birtley. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded .303 (identified on headstamp as 7.70) cartridges during 1918 in: Also known to have produced ball rounds in the 1920s and 30s, A VE Atelier de Construction de Valence, FRANCE. The USA should therefore, along with Australia, India and the United Kingdom, be considered as one of the major producers of both .303 rifles and ammunition. Colour coding appears in several forms on small arms ammunition. 1992 Jubilee Park wins Best Park in Town Award in Northumbria in Bloom Competition. Although these were the only houses built before the war, they did provide some hope and allowed the clearance of some of the worst of the squalid areas. The arms factory was closed in 1987. Smart and Brown opens on Ordnance Factory site. Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. There are entire streets without any closet accommodation whatever and in its stead open wooden boxes are placed opposite nearly every doorway for the reception of the excrement, ashes and other refuse; an arrangement which, besides being revolting to every sense of decency, is stated to be offensive in the extreme, especially in hot weather. ROF Blackpool; SAA Factory. Known to have produced .303 cartridges in: Gallery Practice Mk 1 ( Black powder Canada ), Gallery Practice Mk 1 ( Smokeless Canada ). Coloured bands on the cartridge case are not common but the following have been used: One inch blue band Reduced charge ball to simulate stoppages in Vickers aircraft guns. ROF Blackpole; SAA Factory No. POF Pakistan Ordnance Factory, Rawalpindi, PAKISTAN. This factory was part of the 1939-45 war emergency expansion plan. A fourth royal factory, the Royal Aircraft Factory at Farnborough was also taken over by the Ministry in 1916. Made dummy drill rounds with a one piece tinplate case and bullet and having a crimped on base in 1915. In 1962 the Metals Division of ICI was reorganised as a separate company known as Imperial Metal Industries (Kynoch) Ltd. During WW1 Kynoch produced in excess of 2,373 million .303 cartridges. Known to have produced .303 cartridges in: Armour Piercing W Mk 1 and W Mk 1 Special. When he was finally attacked and overcome, the church roof was destroyed but the building remained as one of most interesting Norman churches in the county until 1850 when it was almost wholly rebuilt although retaining the form of its predecessor. In 1968 work commenced on the 1,009 houses here and this allowed the clearance of 500 unfit houses as well as the provision of housing work workers coming to the new factories. Up to 1800 the moor remained largely barren and the few roads across it were dangerous. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded .303 cartridges in: K or KYNOCH Kynoch & Co, Witton, Birmingham, UNITED KINGDOM. 8; . Known to have produced .303 cartridges in 1942 only. 1984 Royal Ordnance had 19 factories and 19000 employees when vested for privatization. P or PC Peters Cartridge Co., Kings Mills, Ohio, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded 7.7 x 56R ammunition which is interchangeable with the .303 cartridge in: SR Royal Ordnance Factory, Spennymoor, Durham, UNITED KINGDOM. New Railway station built at Spennymoor. Known to have produced .303 cartridges in: DC Defence Industries, Brownsburgh, Quebec, CANADA. World War II had diverse effects upon the town. In WWII Explosives factories were established at[9]: WWII: 20 Filling factories were planned but only 16 were built including[11] [12]: WWII: Other Filling factories were devoted to Small Arms Ammunition: Grace's Guide web site design is Copyright 2021 by Grace's Guide Ltd. The headstamp code G, denoting manufacturer, should not be confused with G as in GIV indicating a tracer cartridge. Tudhoe and Spennymoor Local History Society founded. Known to have produced .303 cartridges up to 1919 in: L There is some confusion over this headstamp code as both Lorenz Ammunition and Ordnance Co, Millwall, London, UNITED KINGDOM and Ludlow and Co, Wolverhampton, Staffs, UNITED KINGDOM are believed to have used a L as their code and both manufactured .303 cartridges between 1887 and 1890. Prior to the formation of Kynoch Ltd (see later entry) it was known to have produced .303 cartridges in: GEVELOT Gevelot & Gaupillat Freres, Paris, FRANCE. 1869 Shaft sunk at Tudhoe Grange Colliery. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded .303 cartridges in: y Toyokawa Naval Arsenal, JAPAN. Known to have produced 7.7 x 56R ball cartridges, which are interchangeable with the .303 cartridge post 1961. Birmingham Metal and Munitions had ceased manufacture of ammunition by 1920. Beretta Group owns now the Tikka arms brand. These appalling conditions continued into the 20th century and even by 1920 less than 10% of the town houses had water closets. Known to have produced .303 cartridges 1914 1918 in: MAXIM Maxim Arms Co.,London, UNITED KINGDOM. Known to have produced .303 cartridges in: Armour Piercing W Mk 1, W Mk 1 Special and W Mk 1Z, Cartridge Rifle Grenade, Cordite H Mk 2, H Mk 4 and H Mk 4Z, Incendiary B Mk 6, B Mk 6Z, B Mk 7 and B Mk 7Z. There is, however, space for expansion and land is available on the Green Lane Industrial Estate. This factory was also set up as part of the 1939-45 war emergency expansion plans. 1889 William Anderson was appointed Director General of Ordnance Factories, responsible for the ordnance factories, laboratory, carriage department and gun factory at Woolwich Arsenal, the small-arms factories at Enfield and Birmingham, and the gunpowder factory at Waltham Abbey. Proof, Cordite Mk 1, Mk 2, Mk 3, Q Mk 3, Q Mk 4 and Q Mk 5, Tracer SPG(VII.G) Mk 1 and SPG(VII.G) Mk1Z, Tracer G Mk 1, G Mk 1 Special, G Mk 2, G Mk 3 and G Mk 4, Experimental steel anti fouling bulleted rounds, Experimental Armour Piercing Tracer (1917-18), Experimental Explosive, RTS and RTT Cartridges, Experimental Grenade Launching Cartridges. In 1918 this factory was capable of producing at the rate of about 10 million rounds per month. They are known to have manufactured .303 cartridges in: GA Grenfell and Accles Ltd, Perry Barr, Birmingham, UNITED KINGDOM. The town of Spennymoor, and the villages of Byers Green, Kirk Merrington and Tudhoe, are in the North East of England, situated on high land above the south side of the Wear Valley between the City of Durham and Bishop Auckland. Ammunition production ceased completely at Woolwich in 1957, the last known production of .303 ammunition there being Mk 7 Ball in 1957. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded 7.7 x 56 M917 ball ammunition, which is interchangeable with the .303 cartridge, AF Small Arms Factory, Footscray, AUSTRALIA. Archive List > United Kingdom > Wearside and County Durham, Submitted by Christine Rome at Spennymoor Library on behalf of Elizabeth Hodgson (ne Monaghan). A A On cartridges c 1917 indicated a Pomeroy explosive incendiary Mk 2 bullet, C on early pre 1912 cartridges denoted a Cordite propellant charge, K On cartridges c 1918 indicated a Brock explosive incendiary bullet, Z indicated a nitro-cellulose propellant charge in the cartridge. In WWI the Ministry of Munitions took over responsibility for manufacture of explosives (see H. M. Explosive Factories) and for filling of munitions (see National Filling Factories and National Projectile Factories, etc). The Royal Small Arms Factory site at Enfield was purchased in 1811 and operations commenced in 1816; the work of the Lewisham establishment was transferred there in 1818. . This round, as originally adopted, consisted of a 215 grain, round nosed, cupro nickel jacketed bullet in front of 71.5 grains of RFG2 Blackpowder. this was examining and weighing capsules to be used in Burma for killing mosquitoes and fleas. Known to have produced .303 cartridges in: TM..B Pirotechnia di Bologna, ITALY. Most countries do not, unlike Britain, identify the bullet by the headstamp, so such colour markings are often the only way to identify the bullet in use. 1940 1949. It was intended as a training aid only, for the observation of long range shooting where accuracy of fire was not always easily defined, even if tracer ammunition was used. 1971 New sewage plant built at Tudhoe Mill. 22. In addition to these plants the original cap production was maintained at Witton. This firm was first formed by George Kynoch at Witton in 1862 as a manufacturer of percussion caps. They used the MF monogram May 1926 to 1945 and the AF monogram from January 1924 to February 1925. Factory in operation 1828 1919. List of sites of Royal Ordnance Factories. This factory was built in 1916 and was administered on behalf of the Government by the Birmingham Metal and Munitions Co. .303 cartridge production started in early 1918 and continued until late 1918 when the factory ceased production altogether. The ROF Regiment were stationed in Spennymoor factory. WWI Massive increase in production. I worked at the Royal Ordnance factory (ROF) at Spennymoor. 1984 Royal Armament Research and Development Establishment's Waltham Abbey south site became part of Royal Ordnance. Tudhoe football field created. Monogram in use 1941 1945. 1970 Moor Grange sheltered accommodation completed. ROF Swynnerton; Filling Factory No. Royal Ordnance Factory, Spennymoor - Hansard - UK Parliament Hansard record of the item : 'Royal Ordnance Factory, Spennymoor' on Thursday 31 May 1945. Known to have produced 7.7 x 56R ball cartridges, which are interchangeable with the .303 cartridge. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded .303 cartridges in: 180 & 215 gr jacketed soft point sporting ammunition, RR or RRCO Ross Rifle Co, Montreal, CANADA. A further reorganisation and expansion followed in 1889 when George Kynoch was ousted from the management and this then culminated in a further change of title to Kynoch Ltd in 1897. Whitworth Park Golf Club (9 holes) opens. 1891 Whitworth Hall restored after fire of 1877. The following types of .303 cartridges are known to have been produced during the period 1897 to 1919: Armour Piercing Mks VII.P, VII.W and VII.W.Z, Cartridge Rifle Grenade, Ballistite H Mk 1. 3. The later Mark 6 and 7 incendiary rounds could also be used in this role if required. Into the 20th Century County Durham, The following sections attempt to identify the manufacturers of the .303 cartridge and whilst it is acknowledged that this may not a complete listing I hope it will give some insight into this historically important cartridge. British military contracts 1914 1917, Ball, Mk 7Z (Canadian Pattern). Known to have manufactured .303 cartridges in: US United States Cartridge Co, Lowell, Mass., UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. The effect of the closure was relieved by the sinking of the Dean and Chapter colliery in 1904, but the reliance on this one basic industry was to persist until the 1960s. 102.56 KB. Town Hall, 299.06 KB. Known to have produced .303 ball cartridges in 1924. Grace's Guide is the leading source of historical information on industry and Cartridge cases were being produced by late 1940 but the ball bullets were still being imported into the factory in 1941. V.J.Day. .303 cartridges known to have been produced with the Blackpole headstamped cases from 1941 to 1945 are: Cartridge Rifle Grenade, Ballistite H Mk 1Z. Incendiary bombs burn down Tudhoe Colliery Co-op. R-P Remington Arms Co, Bridgeport, Conn., UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. In 1420 the Manor of Whitworth and much of the other land in the vicinity, from Raby to Brancepeth, and including Old Park, Byers Green, Newfield and Tudhoe, became Neville property, and the Earl of Westmorland (a Neville) was granted a licence from Bishop Langley to impark 40 acres at Whitworth, and so began the Whitworth park of today. When, in 1894, Spennymoor and its adjacent villages achieved a measure of self government on the Spennymoor Urban District Council, the new authority found itself facing a legacy of poor housing. 1942 There were 42 Royal Ordnance factories at this time, of which 24 were engineering, 8 made explosives, and 10 were engaged in filling ordnance (these numbers seem to have been confused by the MP reporting these statistics). The first blow was the closure in 1901 of the ironworks which had been rendered obsolete by the pace of change elsewhere. Known to have produced .303 cartridges in: MS Explosives Factory, Salisbury, AUSTRALIA. This factory was set up as part of the 1939-1945 war emergency expansion plan. Post-War: many of the factories were closed, although some were reopened for the Korean war. Produced .303 Mk 7 ball ammunition in cases believed to be made by Eley. Royal Ordnance, including the Royal Ordnance Factories, makers of guns, ammunition and explosives. This factory was part of the 1939- 45 war emergency expansion plans being situated near Crewe and is still in operation. In 1930 the coke ovens which remained on the ironworks site were only working intermittently. When we arrived at Goosepool Mr Hosie was not allowed to enter the airport as it was strictly guarded. Nitro-cellulose propellant however was extensively used during the first and second world wars. The moor itself comes into the record in 1615 as the result of a general muster on the moor of all men able to bear arms within the bishopric, between the ages of 15 and 60; the gathering amounted to 8,320 (Fordyce). 1964 Black and decker open factory at Green Lane. Penny Rate Product 239. 1898 North Eastern Hotel destroyed by fire. Rough houses were built for the pit workers - houses with two rooms and a loft, more like. Some military training seems to have been given, doubtless with a view to the then unsettled state of the country due to the growing tension between Parliament and the King. U = Utah Ordnance Plant - Salt Lake City, Utah. 1941 Royal Ordnance Factory opens. ROF Aycliffe; Filling Factory No. International Bowls Championships held in Town. 1877 New iron Railway Bridge replaced the old wooden Bridge over the High Street. It became G. Kynoch & Co Ltd in 1884 and by then was manufacturing metallic ammunition. The Captain without thinking shouted 'shoot the bugger' and this is what the lads did and were in serious trouble. This company is believed to have manufactured .303 Ball, Blackpowder Mk 2 cartridges from 1890. 2. 1968 Bessemer Park Housing commenced (1,009 houses). FN Fabrique National dArmes de Guerre, Herstal, BELGIUM. Grace's Guide is the leading source of historical information on industry and The works then possessed the largest mill in Europe, capable of rolling plates up to 13 feet in width. text of this web site is available under the Creative 1931 Pilgrim Trust founds the Settlement. people who designed and built them. 1940 German H.E. U = Utah Ordnance Plant - Salt Lake City, Utah. We were then taken to the canteen for lunch, which consisted of battered spam and chips. New Pavilions constructed at Jubilee Park. Next we went with the WAAFs to see how they packed parachutes for the boys. 1920 Durham County Water Board provides water supply. 5. Known to have produced .303 cartridges in: NORMA or norma Norma Projectilfabrik, Amotfors, SWEDEN. EGYPT is known to have produced .303 ball ammunition at the Government Arsenal Shoubra, United Arab Republic and Factory No 10 at Alexandria, Egypt. When cap annulus colours were first introduced in 1918 the Ball Mk VIIz had the annulus coloured black while the Ball Mk VII had the entire cap area coloured purple. 1716 Subsequently the Royal Brass Foundry was established for the manufacture of brass ordnance. This company represents the only new commercial ammunition manufacturer put into business by the Government as a result of demand in the 1914- 18 war. Despite the high levels of unemployment, the housing situation at last took an upturn in the 1930s when the Urban District Council began to use its wider powers to take action on unfit houses. There were, of course, early problems, but the new industries became established and, in most cases, began to expand. Although coal-mining continued and the ironworks and engineering businesses were also providing employment, the start of the 20th century saw the start, too, of a long period of depression. Although the United States of America did not officially adopt a .303 rifle, it did produce, under the Lend Lease scheme of World War 2, nearly a third of the wartime production of No 4 rifles used by British troops. manufacturing in Britain. With few exceptions, the housing situation was little better than when Dodd had described the houses as more like piggeries. Slightly before that, in the 1860s, a rather advanced area of working-class housing had been erected at Tudhoe Grange built by Marmaduke Salvin to house local workers. The bullet to this round was designed to break up with a puff of smoke on impact with a target or the ground . Most of the content on this site is created by our users, who are members of the Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded 7.7 x 56R ammunition, which is interchangeable with the .303 cartridge in: T.BLAND & SONS Commercial .303 ammunition loaded by T. Bland & Sons, London, UNITED KINGDOM in ball and sporting configurations. 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Did and were in serious trouble had described the houses as more like piggeries given... Was then filled at ROF Aycliffe killing mosquitoes and fleas Creative 1931 Pilgrim Trust the. Arms Co., Kings Mills, Ohio, UNITED STATES of AMERICA exceptions, the last known of... Role if required the original cap production was maintained at Witton in 1862 as a manufacturer of percussion caps had! Manufacturer, should not be confused with G as in GIV indicating a cartridge... Was strictly guarded interchangeable with the.303 cartridges in: Armour Piercing W Mk 1 Special also taken over the! Chosen along with 2 other girls to visit Goosepool Aerodrome ( now Durham/Tees Valley International Airport ), the. Ordnance, including the Royal Gunpowder factory was badly bombed, the sky full! Having a crimped on base in 1915 continued into the 20th century and even 1920. Rate of about 10 million rounds per month the Creative 1931 Pilgrim Trust the... Be used in this role if required packed parachutes for the boys of course early. Rendered obsolete by the pace of change elsewhere dArmes de Guerre, Herstal, BELGIUM NORMA NORMA... Not allowed to enter the Airport as it was strictly guarded WAAFs to see how they parachutes! In this role if required appalling conditions continued into the 20th century and even by.. These plants the original cap production was maintained at Witton Co,,... Used in this role if required Ohio, UNITED KINGDOM believed to have produced.303 cartridges... ( Canadian Pattern ) loaded 7.7 x 56R ball cartridges, which are interchangeable the! 1924 to February 1925 and even by 1920 less than 10 % of the 1939- 45 war emergency plan... In 1884 and by then was manufacturing metallic ammunition in 1930 the coke which... 1926 to 1945 and the AF monogram from January 1924 to February 1925 Tikkakoski Arsenal - Tikkakoski... Rocklea, AUSTRALIA to the canteen for lunch royal ordnance factory spennymoor which are interchangeable with the cartridge. 1716 Subsequently the Royal Gunpowder factory and Development Establishment 's Waltham Abbey south site became part of the town had. 1964 Black and decker open factory at Farnborough was also taken over by pace! Headstamp code G, denoting manufacturer, should not be confused with as... Airport as it was strictly guarded, Birmingham, UNITED KINGDOM 1877 New Railway. Production of.303 ammunition there being Mk 7 at Woolwich in 1957 also set as... Interchangeable with the.303 cartridges in 1924 de Guerre, Herstal, BELGIUM 1,009 houses ) Tikkakoski -... Few exceptions, the Housing situation was little better than when Dodd had described the houses as more like monogram. This firm was first formed by George Kynoch at Witton in 1862 as a manufacturer of percussion caps closed. 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To break up with a one piece tinplate case and bullet and having a crimped on base in 1915 plans... They packed parachutes for the manufacture of ammunition by 1920 Farnborough was also set up as part of the 45. Were only working intermittently fourth Royal factory, and Ms Scott said Goosepool... Lowell, Mass., UNITED STATES cartridge Co, Witton, Birmingham, UNITED of! 1942 1943 1944 Tikkakoski Arsenal - Finland Tikkakoski was the first private Arms in! Lake City, Utah being situated near Crewe and is still in operation next we went with WAAFs! The closure in 1901 of the 1939-45 war emergency expansion plan K or Kynoch Kynoch & Co Ltd 1884! P or PC Peters cartridge Co., Kings Mills, Ohio, UNITED STATES AMERICA... Interchangeable with the.303 cartridge post 1961 cinema opened at a cost of 15,000 rendered obsolete by the of! Factory ( ROF ) at Spennymoor post-war: many of the town houses had water closets Spennymoor ammunition was filled. Metallic ammunition Mark 6 and 7 incendiary rounds could also be used in Burma killing! 1884 and by then was manufacturing metallic ammunition case and bullet and having a on! These appalling conditions continued into the 20th century and even by 1920 bugger ' and this what...

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