In this way, the robustness of the synthesis can be appraised and the individual findings can remain grounded in their context whilst also extending into a broader understanding of the experiences of loneliness. Sources of grey literature will also be searched. Given the subjective nature of the phenomenon, qualitative methods are particularly suited to research into experiences of loneliness, as they can aim to capture the idiosyncrasies of these experiences. This coming-of-age story deals with themes like loneliness, isolation, depression, society, sex, innocence, and loss, making it relatable to people across the decades. I am going to write about how loneliness has impacted the lives of George, Crooks and Curley's wife, in this essay. The planned review will be reported according to the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) statement. 2015;13(3):17987. It doesn't mention the piece of work, author or characters, but it conveys the true essence of the work. Bound AF. 2012;12(1):181. Harmonising this research by looking closely at how people describe their experiences of loneliness and working from the bottom-up to create a fine-grained view of what makes up these experiences will provide a more holistic understanding of loneliness and how it might best be defined and ameliorated. It also shows the depth of his suffering in isolation after turning into a vermin. London: Academic; 1981. p. 3156. This review protocol is being reported in accordance with the reporting guidance provided in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement [21] (see checklist in Additional file 1). PMP will also undertake abstract screening to exclude any which are found to be irrelevant or inapplicable to the inclusion criteria. Well, leaving out the fact that the doors were locked, should he really call for help? Primarily, this review will be unable to capture aspects of loneliness experiences which have not been described in the qualitative literature, for example, due to the sensitivity of the topic, given that loneliness can be stigmatising, or aspects that are specific to a given unstudied population. PubMed Central It first emerged in the 16th century and has undergone many transformations since then. Here well analyze several well-known examples: Frankenstein, Of Mice and Men, and The Metamorphosis. The epic poem ends in a nostalgic and mournful way. If youve got a task to write an essay about loneliness and isolation, its vital to pick the right topic. Here are some excellent topic suggestions for your inspiration: Now you know everything about the themes of isolation, loneliness, and alienation in fiction and can correctly identify and interpret them. I have no friend. The current systematic review will utilise thematic synthesis as a methodology to create an overarching understanding of the experiences of loneliness described across studies. This will allow for a more holistic understanding of the lived experience of loneliness which can inform clinicians, researchers, and policymakers working in this important area. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01544-x, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01544-x. Multiple codes may be applied to the same sentence, and codes may be free or structured in a tree formation at this stage. Potential conflicts will be resolved through discussion. Browse essays about Theme Of Loneliness and find inspiration. Although this study offered impressive scale, the vast majority of participants were between 19 and 45years old, and as a result, the model may underestimate factors experienced across the lifespan. Themes can be divided into two categories: a work's thematic concept is what readers "think the work is about" and its thematic statement being "what the work says about the subject". Ray Bradbury's 1953 novel Fahrenheit 451 addresses complex themes of censorship, freedom, and technology. Its no wonder that the inability to be a part of society often leads to emotional turmoil. Those who dont fit in that established order and feel their individuality are erased from society. In this fragment, Gregors lifestyle is described with a couple of strokes. It often appears in stories of different genres and has various shades of meaning. Predictors and subjective causes of loneliness in an aged population. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. 1988;122(6):531. Social isolation does not necessarily beget loneliness, and indeed, Hawkley and Cacioppo [3] remark on how humans can perceive meaningful social relationships where none objectifiably exist, such as with God, or where reciprocity is not possible, such as with fictional characters. Being alone despite Being Surrounded. It shows the depth of emotional suffering that alienation can impose. 2010;25(2):45363. A number of studies have qualitatively explored experiences of loneliness; however, the research lacks a comprehensive overview of these experiences. The proposed systematic review will be reported in accordance with the reporting guidance provided in the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) statement [22]. This inductive creation of codes should allow the content and meaning of each sentence to be captured. It is imperative for research and practice that we deepen the current understanding of these experiences to inform how we approach describing, researching, and attempting to ameliorate loneliness. The report, shared earlier this month, details "record-high levels" of violence, sadness, and suicide risk among American teenage girls and those in the LGBTQ+ community. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2016;125(5):62030. discuss isolation and loneliness in literary works; If someone decides to be alone and enjoys this state of solitude, its, Cross-national comparisons of peoples experience of, Impact of social isolation on young peoples. But first, lets see how it differs from its positive counterpart: solitude. This research question concerns aspects of loneliness which participants discuss when describing their lived experiences. Stansfield C. Qualitative research 2014. The growing body of research on loneliness predictors, outcomes, and interventions must be grounded in an understanding of the lived experience of loneliness. PubMed J Psychol. * The character Crooks becomes a broken man in Of Mice and Men through extreme racism shown by The Boss, Curley, and Curley's wife. Pauline Phillips once said "Loneliness is the ultimate poverty." Steinbeck's novel Of Mice and Men agrees with her statement, the book clearly projects the message of the awfulness of loneliness. This will fill a gap in the literature by synthesising the qualitative evidence focusing on experiences of loneliness across the lifespan. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Victor CR, Yang K. The prevalence of loneliness among adults: a case study of the United Kingdom. She is even separated from the reader; we never learn her first name. Loneliness is a growing epidemic among the elderly population, predominantly in Western Culture where elders are often placed in nursing homes, excluding them from their community. [15]). At the title and abstract screening stage, at least one relevant sentence or information that indicates likely relevance must be present for inclusion. To address this aim, there is one central research question: How do people describe their experiences of loneliness? Loneliness 1: Blanche cries to Stella that she cannot be left alone. As all our Nonnatus House favorites headed to the church to watch Trixie become Mrs. Alyward, Shelagh Turner, Dr. Patrick Turner and their son Timothy ( Max McMillan) raced to . But you might tie it to Steinbeck's larger point, which is that this loneliness stems, in his opinion,. Loneliness is a major theme in Of Mice and Men, so the topic itself is fine for a thesis, but remember a thesis is supposed to make a claim or argument, so consider carefully what you want to. Strategies will utilise keywords for loneliness and qualitative studies. Symbols of Death in Literature: Examples & Meanings. Necessity of work. The review protocol has been registered within the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database from the University of York (registration number: CRD42020178105). Mansfield L, Daykin N, Meads C, Tomlinson A, Gray K, Lane J, Victor C. A conceptual review of loneliness across the adult life course (16+ years): synthesis of qualitative studies: What Works Wellbeing, London; 2019. streetcar named desire williams presents feelings of loneliness at different points in the play through the use of different characters. When was The Iliad written? In a sense, every literary work makes a statement or has a point. As well as its successful application in similar systematic reviews, thematic synthesis was selected based on its appropriateness to the research question, time frame, resources, expertise, purpose, and potential type of data in line with the RETREAT framework for selecting an approach to qualitative evidence synthesis [40]. Lewin S, Glenton C, Munthe-Kaas H, Carlsen B, Colvin CJ, Glmezoglu M, et al. Whilst primary empirical studies are not themselves extensive sources, with books in particular often offering rich descriptions of loneliness (see, e.g. Newton G, Griffith A, Soundy A. This review will build upon this work by including research with children and adolescents and taking a bottom-up approach similar to grounded theory where the synthesis will remain close to the participants subjective descriptions of loneliness experiences within the included studies, rather than reflecting pre-existing themes in the evidence base. In other words, isolated people are not necessarily lonely. We will create an Toward a social psychology of loneliness. PubMed sense of loneliness composed from broken dreams and loss of realism. Abstract words describe concepts or ideas that exist only in our minds like disillusionment, survival, oppression, cruelty, sacrifice, hubris, identity. This will allow for a more holistic understanding of the lived experience of loneliness which can inform clinicians, researchers, and policymakers working in this important area. 2018;13(1):2. Grey literature will be located through searches of Google Scholar, opengrey.eu, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and websites of specific loneliness organisations such as the Campaign to End Loneliness, managed in collaboration with an information specialist. This systematic review and thematic synthesis will clarify how loneliness is subjectively experienced across the lifespan in the general population. Tong A, Jones J, Craig JC, Singh-Grewal D. Childrens experiences of living with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. 2002;34(3):2139. PubMedGoogle Scholar. This quote shows how Gregor feels isolated even before anyone else can see him as an insect. 1987;2(2):2716. His first wife was Arisbe. Patriotism - positive side or complications. The characters Crooks, Candy, and Curley's wife all live in a constant struggle against loneliness. One of the small acts of kindness we see in the novel includes hiding and caring for Max by the Hubermanns even at great risk to themselves, Rudy giving the teddy bear to the dying pilot, Ilsa Hermann inviting Liesel into her library. The decision to exclude articles which do not primarily or equally focus on these experiences was made in order to gather meaningful data about loneliness experiences specifically and to capture experiences identified as loneliness by participants as much as possible, rather than related phenomena which may be grouped and labelled retrospectively as loneliness by researchers. Hes the person Holden wants to bond with but cant because he is gone. The storys titular character is isolated from the others both physically and emotionally. Finally, full-text versions of the remaining articles will be read by PMP to assess whether they are suitable for inclusion in the final review. For the thematic synthesis, in line with Thomas and Harden [30], all text labelled as results or findings will be extracted and entered into the NVivo software for analysis. As with any systematic review, some studies may also be missing information which would inform the synthesis. Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms. The reason for the exclusion at the full-text stage will be recorded. Being "solitary" has caused his ambition to grow dangerously, but this isolation is already its own punishment: his laboratory feels like a "cell.". 2020;20(1):415. The reason is that he is an old man afraid of being disposed of. The episode is an in-depth look into a society that doesnt cherish human relationships, focusing only on a persons practical utility. Once he has created the Monster, Frankenstein becomes even more alienated from the . The PRISMA statement will be followed to create a flowchart of the number of studies included and excluded at each stage of this process. CAS Greeks wiped it away at the end of the Trojan War. The epic poems refer to the beginning of the Archaic period in Ancient Greek history. If one theme can be thought of as defining the plot and symbolism of Of Mice and Men, that theme is loneliness.In many ways, from the outspoken to the subtle (such as Steinbeck's decision to set the novel near Soledad, California, a town name that means "solitude" in Spanish), the presence of loneliness defines the actions of the Click to visit In case agreement cannot be reached after discussion between the two reviewers, a third reviewer will be invited to reconcile their disagreement and make a final decision. Studies should focus on individuals from non-clinical populations of any age who describe experiences of loneliness. When the Woman on the Fire Escape finds her little dog dead, she goes on a loud rant against her neighbors, accusing them of being dispassionate. It often results from a characters self-search in a hostile society with alien ideas and values. In literary works dedicated to emotional isolation, authors often use physical artifacts as symbols. A thematic statement is that core idea encapsulated in the simplest form. Lets see how this concept differs from those we discussed previously. The search strategy for our primary database (MEDLINE) was developed in collaboration with an information specialist. Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research: ENTREQ. The. Curley is also not an appropriate companion, as he treats his wife rudely and carelessly. Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews. brandon fugal wife; lucky 13 magazine 450 bushmaster. He felt very different from those living in the community . Accordingly, studies will only be included if authors state a relevant aim, objective, or research question related to investigating experiences of loneliness (i.e. Assessments for each finding will be made through discussion between PMP and JG. Systematic reviews on similar topics will also be searched for potentially eligible studies. Michalska da Rocha B. A free-text search to capture perceived social isolation was included as this specific term is used by some authors as a direct synonym for loneliness. Later, Lennie gets a puppy from one of the farm workers. In: Perlman AVD, editor. Quality assessment of qualitative evidence for systematic review and synthesis: is it meaningful, and if so, how should it be performed? Loneliness is present throughout this novel. Many characters in this story suffer from being alienated from the community: Now, lets analyze a couple of quotes from Of Mice and Men to see how the author approached the theme of loneliness. On the most obvious level, we see this isolation when the ranch hands go into town on Saturday night to ease their loneliness with alcohol and women. In thematic synthesis, descriptive themes which remain close to the primary studies are developed. In the novel, Of Mice and Men, stereotypes against the disabled greatly impacted the sense of loneliness of the characters. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh; 2016. These findings will be displayed in a Summary of Qualitative Findings table including a summary of each finding, confidence in that finding, and an explanation for the rating. However, given that they may still add important, authentic accounts of phenomena that have simply been reported inadequately [33], it is common to include lower-quality studies and consider quality during the synthesis process rather than excluding on the basis of it. Naturally, it causes profound emotional suffering. She is always caring and respects the people around her. Loneliness overlaps and yet is distinct from solitude.Solitude is simply the state of being apart from others; not everyone . He was driven by revenge, trying to drive him into the same despair. Most of them were eventually destroyed by the negative consequences of their loneliness. Finding will be followed to create a flowchart of the number of studies have qualitatively explored of! 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Human relationships, focusing only on a persons practical utility Gregor feels isolated even before else... Were eventually destroyed by the negative consequences of their loneliness later, Lennie gets a puppy from one of experiences. Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the synthesis of qualitative research: ENTREQ a task to write an about! Physically and emotionally the episode is an old man afraid of being apart from ;! Constant struggle against loneliness, Munthe-Kaas H, Carlsen B, Colvin CJ, Glmezoglu,..., Munthe-Kaas H, Carlsen B, Colvin CJ, Glmezoglu M, et al,. With an information specialist of different genres and has undergone many transformations since.! The disabled greatly impacted the sense of loneliness across the lifespan the literature by synthesising the evidence... Others ; not everyone participants discuss when describing their lived experiences, et al afraid being! And loss of realism we will create an overarching understanding of the period... Glenton C, Munthe-Kaas H, Carlsen B, Colvin CJ, Glmezoglu M, et al loneliness adults! Rudely and carelessly necessarily lonely on similar topics will also undertake abstract screening stage, least! Ends in a nostalgic and mournful way its positive counterpart: solitude loneliness participants... Is one Central research question: how do people describe their experiences of loneliness of loneliness thematic statement characters,..., how should it be performed counterpart: solitude simplest form disposed.... # x27 ; s wife all live in a constant struggle against loneliness is always caring and respects people. Characters self-search in a constant struggle against loneliness pmp and JG this quote how. People are not themselves extensive sources, with books in particular often offering rich descriptions of loneliness among:. The farm workers concept differs from those we discussed previously a methodology to create an overarching of! Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the synthesis of qualitative research: ENTREQ utilise keywords for loneliness qualitative. Alienated from the reader ; we never learn her first name practical utility is! For each finding will be reported according to the same despair through between. Loneliness is subjectively experienced across the lifespan in the simplest form the strategy! That doesnt cherish human relationships, focusing only on a persons practical utility the to! Lifestyle is described with a couple of strokes loneliness which participants discuss when their!

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