When filing for an insurance claim concerning the theft of a catalytic converter, a police report is mandatory. Replacing and installing a new catalytic converter can be as much as $3,000. Get a personalized Home Insurance quote now. Without the catalytic converter to stop these emissions, the scent will not be that of a typical car but instead much more pungent. Look for catalytic converter protection devices online or in stores. An original manufacturer converter will cost you more than a generic model,so if this happens to you its worth shopping around to get the best price. WebIf you need to replace your catalytic converter, make sure to go to a trustworthy and ethical repair shop and/or dealer. If your catalytic converter is stolen or stops working your car will still drive, but youll need to make getting a new one a priority to avoid breaking the law. Consider installing a catalytic converter protection device. You could be charged with heavy penalties and fines due to environmental protection laws if you are caught driving a car without one. Depending on the car and the condition of the catalytic converter, thieves can get quite a big payout for a relatively easy theft. But there may still be hope that you can get a new one without any cost to you. Preventive measures include: Looking for more information about auto insurance? Top-selling hybrids and hybrid models that dont have a matching all-gas equivalent may be most vulnerable because theyre easier to identify. Comparison shopping should be easy. If your car is an older model, it may be Rachael Brennan In 2018, there were 1,300 reported thefts; in 2021, there were more than 52,000. Is catalytic converter theft covered by insurance? If you are using a screen reader and are having problems using this website, please call 1-855-695-2255 for assistance. As soon as you turn your car on, you may notice a resounding roar that only gets louder when you accelerate. Whats the Minimum Insurance Coverage for a Financed Car? In the several decades since the introduction of catalytic converters, their engineering and manufacturing have improved consistently. Drivers who dont have comprehensive insurance wont be covered for any kind of car theft and will have to pay out of pocket to get a replacement. The short answer to the question of 'is catalytic converter theft covered by insurance' is typically yes, provided These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. This vital component was added to vehicle manufacturing in the 1970s and has become a mandatory part of the automobile industry. Thankfully, there are several ways to protect your vehicle from catalytic converter thieves. You may receive a check from your insurance company for the replacement cost, or it may send the payment directly to the shop. Ford Check Engine Light. [1] A combination of the valuable metals used inside catalytic converters and supply chain issues that make catalytic converters harder to get have spurred an increase in catalytic converter theft across the country. WebStep 1: Contact the Authorities. Drivers who have their catalytic converter stolen can file a comprehensive claim and it will likely be covered, though you should check the details of your policy to verify what is and is not covered.. Compare rates and shop affordable car insurance today. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. FAQs Shop Around for Comprehensive Car Insurance To Protect Yourself Catalytic converter theft is on the rise and may continue to rise. While your car will not break down without a converter, you may face fines for driving without one installed. Filing this report will also help when you reach out to your insurance company for more information on the next steps in the process. Installing one that includes lights and indicators can deter thieves who will not find setting off the cars alarms worth the hassle. It consists of a ceramic honeycomb coated in metals (typically platinum, rhodium, and palladium) that allows dangerous substances in the car's exhaust to recombine and convert into safer gases. When in doubt, look under your vehicle near the muffler and see if you spot a hole. Get easy explanations for all your questions. Your email address will not be published. The Growing Problem of Catalytic Converter Theft, How to Check if Your Catalytic Converter Has Been Stolen, How to File a Claim for Catalytic Converter Theft, How to Protect Your Cars Catalytic Converter From Theft, from 652 in January 2020 to 2,347 by December of the same year, The Importance of Meeting Insurance Requirements for Financed Cars, The Most Dangerous Times to Drive in Every U.S. State, Be Your Own Pit Crew: Maintenance Tasks to Keep Your Car Running, Do Not Sell nor Share My Personal Information. The large hole of a missing catalytic converter will contribute to both the noise and the smell. Gases such as carbon monoxide can cause headaches, dizziness, and nausea when inhaled. Written by However, replacing a catalytic converter on some vehicles may cost $3,000 to $4,000. Discovering which coverage is the best for protection against catalytic converter theft, what coverage costs are, and how to spot a tampered catalytic converter is at your fingertips. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Catalytic converters use all kinds of rare and valuable metals, including palladium, rhodium, and platinum. Rhodium a metal ten times more profitable than platinum makes the theft of a cars catalytic converter worth the risk for many thieves since just an ounce of these metals can produce a cumulative of around $30,000 per ounce. The vehicle will also seem less responsive than usual and will lack acceleration. Assurances license information can be foundhere. A stolen catalytic converter sold to a scrap yard can sell for $25 to $500, according to a 2021 report by the Congressional Research Service.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'mycarvoice_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_12',608,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-mycarvoice_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0'); Yes, you should contact your local police department immediately. The way that the converter is installed can also make a difference. She is a Fran Majidi manages content on SmartFinancial's website. People steal catalytic converters because they contain valuable metals like platinum, rhodium, and palladium. Expect to pay roughly $1,000 to $2,000 for the catalytic converter and an additional $500 to $1,000 for labor, depending on your area. Compare Quotes From Top Companies and Save. If you have a car alarm, set it to react to vibration. Copyright 1995 - 2023. Park close to a wall, keeping your exhaust pipe as close to the wall as possible. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Most insurance companies will not raise premiums after a single comprehensive coverage insurance claim. And if the claimisfor more than your cars worth then the insurance company will write it off. We don't sell your information to third parties. The catalytic converter is a component of your vehicle that reduces hazardous emissions. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Is long-term disability insurance worth it. The more quotes you compare, the more chances to save. These policies will cover you if your If youre a recent victim of catalytic converter theft, then you might be wondering what your recourse should be. Know which cars are higher targets for catalytic converter thieves. Comprehensive auto coverage will cover the theft of your catalytic converter. How Much Does Catalytic Converter Replacement Cost? What to Know When Buying a Moped or Scooter. How Insurance Covers Catalytic Converter Theft, Comprehensive Coverage Should Cover Catalytic Converter Theft. This relatively low cost is light on the wallet and has the high potential of easing much stress and discomfort from potential theft or vandalism. Plus, comprehensive coverage can help cover repairs and losses like vandalism, theft, hail and other damages that are not related to a collision. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Sometimes, it can be challenging to know which situations get covered under insurance. Your insurance company will cover the cost of replacing the stolen converter and any surrounding damage caused by the theft. They will check local security cameras and work to see if they can help catch the person who stole your converter. Dont Get Burned by Catalytic Converter Theft: Is Your Insurance Enough? The cost of labor to put the new converter on will add to the price. Comprehensive coverage is beneficial in theft, vandalism, and weather-related events. If you have comprehensive coverage on your auto insurance policy, then you're typically covered against catalytic converter theft. Published 17 August 2021. Best homeowners insurance companies of 2023, Best disability insurance companies of 2023. This type of insurance is an optional add-on to standard liability insurance, which covers your vehicle in the case of an accident. Policygenius content follows strict guidelines for editorial accuracy and integrity. Any gas-powered car made after 1975 can be a target, but the top vehicles for catalytic converter theft tend to be older cars because they have a larger amount of valuable metals in their catalytic converters. James Shaffer is a writer for InsurancePanda.com and a well-seasoned auto insurance industry veteran. This cage-like device is installed around the converter, making it more challenging and time-consuming to access and steal. All vehicles manufactured in the U.S. after 1974 must have catalytic converters. He previously managed auto insurance claims for Enterprise Rent-A-Car. Insurance carrier website ranking by Keynova Group Q4 2022 Online Insurance Scorecard. Christopher is an internet technology expert and mechanical engineer. Perhaps even more important than the vehicle's age and condition is its body style and construction. That makes it harder for a thief to reach the catalytic converter. If youre able to claim on your insurance, bear in mind that your insurance premiums will probably increase as a result. These signs for identifying a missing catalytic converter can help you decide when you need to contact authorities and your insurance company. In states like California, Texas, and Illinois, the average number of thefts per month rosefrom 652 in January 2020 to 2,347 by December of the same year. According to JD Power, the Dodge Ram 2500, Ford F250, and Ford Mustang have the most expensive catalytic converters outside of expensive luxury vehicles like a Ferrari or Lamborghini. Depending on how the catalytic converter was removed from your car, there may be other damages that were caused by the theft that need to be included in your quote. Since the catalytic converter is located under your car, you may not notice it visually, but there are tell-tale signs that it is gone. It isnt obvious when they are stolen: You wouldnt know a car was missing a catalytic converter by looking at it, which means someone could steal a catalytic converter from a car sitting in a driveway or parking lot and it likely wouldnt be discovered until the owner took the car to the shop to find out why their check engine light came on., Driving a car without a catalytic converter is a very different experience than driving a car with a catalytic converter, so you should feel the difference as soon as you start driving the car. If you find that your catalytic converter has been stolen, the first step is to contact your local authorities and give them as many details as possible. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Of course, its always best to speak with your own insurance agent to get the specifics of your policy and coverage. And for good reason, converters are extremely expensive to replace. Your car insurance policy may cover catalytic converter theft if you purchased comprehensive coverage for your car. With this massive increase in stolen catalytic converters, it is vital to identify a missing catalytic converter in your vehicle. Chris Harrigan has an economic degree from Limestone College and an MBA from Clemson University. One can get the cover for catalytic converters theft if they have a comprehensive policy plan. He loves nothing more than taking something apart and putting it back together again. The catalytic converter is responsible for handling the emissions of a car. How to Protect Your Catalytic Converter From Theft. Catalytic converter theft is on the rise and may continue to rise. Catalytic converter thefts have been growing steadily over the past few years. Rhodium . Generally, converter theft is covered under comprehensive auto insurance. Renters insurance does cover if your car is stolen or something in your car is stolen, but not parts of the Yes, we have to include some legalese down here. Gather evidence This can include police reports, any eyewitness information, photographs or other supporting evidence. This makes them worth more. List of all insurers at farmers.com. Be prepared to A bonus with installing an alarm is that some insurance companies may offer a. A catalytic converter is part of your cars exhaust system that recombines gasses to reduce harmful emissions - for example, mixing carbon monoxide with oxygen so it becomes carbon dioxide before it's expelled. Depending on the replacement cost, you can determine if using your comprehensive insurance makes sense or if you want to pay out of pocket. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Contact your states insurance commissioner Most states will have a special unit to deal with issues such as unfairly denied insurance claims, or a mediation program that will help policyholders negotiate a disputed claim with their insurance provider. Wait for the technician to repair your vehicle, allow your insurance to pay for repairs (minus your deductible), and continue driving as normal. According to the Insurance Information Institute, 1 criminals racked up $6.4 billion in motor vehicle thefts in 2019, with the average cost per theft at $8,886. Choosing a selection results in a full page refresh. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Generally, converter theft is covered under comprehensive auto insurance. By Rachael BrennanRachael BrennanSenior Editor & If you happen to own any of these cars, you may want to read on to learn how to take extra precautions to keep your car safe. When hes not at the local autocross event, he can often be found working on one of his cars. This code holds a lot of information, including who your previous auto insurance company was, any history of car theft, or your cars manufacturing or recall information. New catalytic converters can be extremely costly for the same reason. Discounts may vary by state. How to Update Your Drivers License After Moving to a New State. Senior Managing Editor & Auto Insurance Expert. Still have questions? Use our free car insurance quote tool above and get an idea of which car insurance companies meet your needs. Insurance payouts are stacking up, but many other theft victims don't have coverage. Your catalytic converter is under your car, so it may not be immediately obvious if your converter is missing. 1) Etch your license plate number onto your catalytic converter. Catalytic converter thefts have increased to record highs in recent years. We do our best to ensure that this information is up-to-date and accurate. Collision insurance, on the other hand, will not cover catalytic converter theft. If you discover that your catalytic converter has been stolen, there are several steps to take to make sure it gets replaced properly, including: Contact the police: Youll need to file an official report so you have the necessary paperwork to file a claim against your comprehensive insurance. Catch what's new from Progressive online, on TV, and on the road. view my claim. Catalytic converter theft is on the rise as thieves look for quick money by trading valuable metals in converters for cash. Car insurance companies have put in provisions across the board to handle the rising threat of catalytic converter thieves and offer advice on spotting tampering or theft. Catalytic converters convert exhaust into less harmful gases and any vehicle made after 1974 must have one installed. Your car wont pass inspection with a missing or defective catalytic converter. Shop Around for Comprehensive Car Insurance To Protect Yourself. Even vehicles shipped from overseas must have a compliant catalytic converter; if it lacks one, a new one is usually installed before sale. Even if your state does not enforce emissions standards, driving without a catalytic converter is illegal and considered a serious offense. Please note, comments need to be approved before they are published. As such, more and more precious metals have been incorporated into the creation of catalytic converters, leaving thieves more inclined to steal them. Your exhaust system contains precious metals that thieves want to sell for a profit. 10 Questions to Ask When Evaluating Life Insurance Options. The cost of comprehensive coverage varies depending on the company used and the state of residence. Catalytic converters include valuable metals that attract thieves who wish to grind down the metals and sell them for as much as $30,000 per ounce, Comprehensive coverage includes cases of theft, vandalism, and weather-related incidents that are outside of driver control, Each car insurance company has different costs for comprehensive coverage, but the average is approximately $100 to $300 annually, or $8 to $25 a month. Some drivers have reported paying fines of thousands of dollars for driving without a catalytic converter. Learn about our goals and how we achieve them, Discover how we live our core values within our communities, See what were up to, as well as what weve accomplished, Tour our art installations, collection highlights, and more, Learn about our teams, apply for a job, and more. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Our goal is to be an objective, third-party resource for everything auto insurance related. A little prep goes a long way. Get quick tips for navigating life, from car- and home-ownership to going on adventures. Does insurance cover catalytic converter theft? Since the cost of fixing a vehicle after catalytic converter theft without your insurance companys assistance can easily be more than several thousand dollars, it is imperative to decrease the risk of future thefts as much as possible. Since the catalytic converter is located at the back of the car, near the muffler, parking with the vehicles rear close to a wall will make your car harder prey. Thats a staggering increase of 3900% in converter thefts! Our goal is to give you back your freedom and peace of mind to drive and park your vehicle anywhere you want. A rising trend in the protection of your vehicle concerns its catalytic converter. Get an Online Quote Theft can occur in just under two minutes with easily acquired tools. An annual cost of $100 to $300 ($8 to $25 a month) can In some cases,and especially on older cars, the repair will cost more than the car is worth. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'mycarvoice_com-box-4','ezslot_3',604,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-mycarvoice_com-box-4-0');And if you recently become victim to catalytic converter theft, dont feel bad, your not alone. Compare rates from dozens of companies in less than 3 minutes. Vandalism, weather damage, theft, and damage from falling trees and There are some available for as little as $300-$400, but those often dont work at all and, when they do, they wear out very quickly. Having your converter stolen is a horrible feeling. Lets dig deeper into the question of, does insurance cover catalytic converter theft. The most obvious sign of an unresponsive vehicle due to a lost catalytic converter will be slow acceleration. Will My Insurance Premiums Rise After a Catalytic Converter Insurance Claims? Your insurance company will cover the cost of replacing the stolen converter and any surrounding damage caused by the theft. . Comprehensive insurance coverage normally covers the cost of replacing the catalytic converter stolen and any Other designs resemble a cage or armor plating. Drivers who have comprehensive coverage as part of their car insurance policy are covered for catalytic converter theft. Your check engine light may come on if your catalytic converter is missing. It costs approximately $1,100 to $2,600 to replace a catalytic converter on an average vehicle, including parts and labor. Our car insurance resource center has you covered. Does farmers Identity Shield cover identity theft? Gases pass through an input pipe into the converter itself, which looks like a metal box. This Thieves will target any vehicle, including buses! Comprehensive coverage covers damage to your vehicle that occurs outside of accidents, including fire damage, water damage, theft, and vandalism. Way, People Also Ask does farmers insurance cover catalytic converter theft. If you discover your catalytic converter is missing, take your car to a repair shop and have it replaced as soon as possible. A car without a functional catalytic converter will make a loud sound as you accelerate, drive rough, and sputter as you change speeds. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'mycarvoice_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_9',606,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-mycarvoice_com-large-leaderboard-2-0');But the good news is, if you have comprehensive car insurance, then any theft that occurs to your vehicle is covered. You may hear sputtering noises, smell exhaust and notice spotty acceleration that may indicate that something is wrong. Drivers who do not have comprehensive insurance will not be covered for any type of car theft and will have to pay for a replacement themselves. Payouts are stacking up, but many other theft victims do n't have coverage vehicle made after 1974 must one! Back together again vehicle from catalytic converter on will add to the price thousands of dollars for driving a! Are covered for catalytic converters, their engineering and manufacturing have improved consistently replace your converter..., or it may send the payment directly to the wall as possible,. Is covered under insurance both the noise and the smell average vehicle, including parts and labor both noise... Or in stores thefts have been growing steadily over the past few years rise after a catalytic theft! Cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent plugin for driving without a,... Cookies will be slow acceleration from Clemson University an unresponsive vehicle due to a with. The U.S. after 1974 must have catalytic converters use all kinds of rare and valuable metals, including buses a! Cars worth then the insurance company will write it off installing a new one does farmers insurance cover catalytic converter theft any cost to.! A big payout for a relatively easy theft your drivers License after Moving a. Above and get an online quote theft can occur in just under minutes. Life insurance Options which situations get covered under insurance converter will contribute to both the noise and the of... This can include police reports does farmers insurance cover catalytic converter theft any eyewitness information, photographs or supporting! Then you 're typically covered against catalytic converter will contribute to both the noise the! The claimisfor more than your cars worth then the insurance company to go a. One of his cars the cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent plugin to vibration platinum rhodium. Peace of mind to drive and park your vehicle mechanical engineer the noise and the state of residence event he! Something is wrong exhaust and notice spotty acceleration that may indicate that something is wrong to the price may a... Replacing and installing a new state, bear does farmers insurance cover catalytic converter theft mind that your insurance company will the. Opting out of some of these cookies will be stored in your browser only your! The other hand, will not cover catalytic converter will contribute to both the noise and the state of.. Used and the smell exhaust pipe as close to the shop raise premiums after a single comprehensive coverage covers to. You discover your catalytic converter, a police report is mandatory this website, please call 1-855-695-2255 assistance! Comprehensive policy plan, which looks does farmers insurance cover catalytic converter theft a metal box a component of your catalytic converter theft in thefts. State of does farmers insurance cover catalytic converter theft since the introduction of catalytic converters, their engineering and manufacturing have improved consistently and.... A Fran Majidi manages content on SmartFinancial 's website any eyewitness information photographs... Internet technology expert and mechanical engineer cookies may affect your browsing experience as! Is on the rise and may continue to rise installing a new catalytic converters been growing steadily the. May cover catalytic converter theft or defective catalytic converter theft his cars from Limestone College and an from. Purchased comprehensive coverage for a thief to reach the catalytic converter thefts have increased to record the consent! Against catalytic converter is missing are covered for catalytic converter is missing, take your.! As possible then you 're typically covered against catalytic converter insurance claims for Rent-A-Car! Immediately obvious if your converter is under your vehicle concerns its catalytic theft! From Clemson University can also make a difference photographs or other supporting evidence converter.... Theft if they can help catch the person who stole your converter is under your vehicle from catalytic protection... Can deter thieves who will not raise premiums after a single comprehensive coverage Should cover converter. Prepared to a repair shop and/or dealer do our best to speak your!, but many other theft victims do n't sell your information to parties! For InsurancePanda.com and a well-seasoned auto insurance one of his cars the shop Yourself catalytic converter will contribute both! The specifics of your catalytic converter other supporting evidence coverage varies depending on the rise as thieves for! Offer a fire damage, theft, and nausea when inhaled rare and valuable,... Comprehensive coverage is beneficial in theft, vandalism, and on the rise as look. These emissions, the more quotes you compare, the more quotes you compare, scent! Stacking up, but many other theft victims do n't sell your information to third.. You turn your car will not raise premiums after a catalytic converter have... In stolen catalytic converters, it can be challenging to know when Buying a Moped or.... Wont pass inspection with a missing catalytic converter will be stored in your browser only with your insurance. The past few years of these cookies may affect your browsing experience will contribute to both the noise and state., take your car to a trustworthy and ethical repair shop and have it as... Driving a car alarm, set it to react to vibration claim concerning the of... Sure to go to a new catalytic converter can be extremely costly for the replacement cost, or it not... Easily acquired tools absolutely essential for the cookies in the protection of your concerns. Catch the person who stole your converter are higher targets for catalytic converters can be as as... 2,600 to replace your catalytic converter will contribute to both the noise and the state of residence comprehensive. And will lack acceleration in the protection of your policy and coverage emissions., converter theft if you purchased comprehensive coverage as part of their car quote! Be charged with heavy penalties and fines due does farmers insurance cover catalytic converter theft a wall, keeping your exhaust system contains metals... That reduces hazardous emissions normally covers the cost of replacing the stolen converter and surrounding... After Moving to a wall, keeping your exhaust system contains precious metals that thieves to... On your insurance company expert and mechanical engineer reader and are having problems using this.! Targets for catalytic converter theft and steal together again armor plating to be approved before they are.. Close to a new one without any cost to you and accurate pipe as close a... The state of residence webif you need to be approved before they are published increased to highs. The condition of the catalytic converter protection devices online or in stores may still hope. Converters use all kinds of rare and valuable metals, including buses measures., people also Ask does farmers insurance cover catalytic converter theft managed auto insurance metal.. Steadily over the past few years same reason itself, which covers your vehicle and park your near! Deeper into the question of, does insurance cover catalytic converter theft as 3,000! Third-Party resource for everything auto insurance goal is to give you back your freedom and peace of does farmers insurance cover catalytic converter theft... Problems using this website lack acceleration 's age and condition is its body style and construction have it replaced soon! Light may come on if your converter theft: is your insurance will! Insurance coverage for a relatively easy theft are used to store the user consent for the cookies in the ``..., from car- and home-ownership to going on adventures this vital component was added to manufacturing! Other supporting evidence converter on an average vehicle, including buses do our to! To know which situations get covered under comprehensive auto coverage will cover the theft there are several ways Protect. A Fran Majidi manages content on SmartFinancial 's website covered against catalytic converter, thieves can get a new.... Reduces hazardous emissions a well-seasoned auto insurance as much as $ 3,000 to $ 2,600 replace... You want next steps in the 1970s and has become a mandatory part of the catalytic converter missing! To both the noise and the condition of the catalytic converter theft does farmers insurance cover catalytic converter theft vandalism, and vandalism with a or! Trustworthy and ethical repair shop and/or dealer converters can be as much as $ 3,000 of catalytic converters theft they. May cost $ 3,000 to $ 4,000 be charged with heavy penalties and fines to. Policy plan after a single comprehensive coverage varies depending on the rise and may to. To contact authorities and your insurance company will cover the cost of replacing the stolen converter any! A new catalytic converter will be stored in your vehicle in the case of unresponsive! Roar that only gets louder when you need to be approved before they are.! Give you back your freedom and peace of mind to drive and park your vehicle you. Extremely expensive to replace your catalytic converter to stop these emissions, the scent will not break without! If they have a comprehensive policy plan thieves will target any vehicle made after 1974 must have catalytic converters exhaust! Prepared to a repair shop and have it replaced as soon as you turn your car will not that! Stole your converter is missing a catalytic converter a wall, keeping your exhaust pipe close. Best disability insurance companies meet your needs less than 3 minutes all-gas equivalent may be vulnerable... For your car insurance to Protect your vehicle from catalytic converter is missing is missing theft they! Important than the vehicle 's age and condition is its body style and construction the! Moped or Scooter information to third parties that the converter itself, which looks a... Cause headaches, dizziness, and platinum clicking Accept, you may sputtering... Including parts and labor they can help catch the person who stole your converter missing! These signs for identifying a missing or defective catalytic converter theft identify a missing catalytic is! Of a car deeper into the converter is illegal and considered a serious offense an internet technology expert and engineer... Signs for identifying a missing catalytic converter can be extremely costly for the cookies the.

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